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31.
Takeshi Kashiwa Keigo Inami Masashi Fujinaga Hideki Ogiso Takanobu Yoshida Tohru Teraoka Tsutomu Arie 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(6):412-421
Six4, a small protein secreted by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in tomato xylem sap during infection, triggers Fol race 1-specific resistance (I) in tomato. SIX4 is regarded as an avirulence gene. Although SIX4 is considered unique to Fol race 1, we detected this gene in the cabbage yellows fungus F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (Foc) by PCR. Because the genes from Foc and SIX4 in Fol were >99 % identical at the nucleotide level, the Foc gene was designated FocSIX4. The expression of FocSIX4 was detected by RT-PCR in stems and roots of cabbage 8 days after infection with Foc. In contrast with Fol, disruption of FocSIX4 in Foc did not increase virulence to Foc-resistant cabbage cvs. Shutoku-SP and Koikaze. On the contrary, the disruptants had reduced virulence not only on Foc-resistant cultivars but also on Foc-susceptible cv. Shikidori. These results suggested that FocSIX4 is involved in virulence, but not in avirulence, in the cabbage yellows fungus. 相似文献
32.
33.
Kae Miyazawa Masae Takeda Tohru Murayama Kazuhiro Watanabe 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):128-137
Pre-transplanting phosphorus application is a fertilization method that can reduce phosphorus (P) fertilization of the field and increase P use efficiency. We investigated whether P use efficiency can be increased further by combining pre-transplanting phosphorus application and the green manure practice, using cabbage as a test plant in a field experiment performed from 2006 to 2008. The pre-transplanting phosphorus application successfully reduced P fertilization of the field to half without any yield losses in 2006 and 2008. However, growth and yield could not be maintained with the pre-transplanting phosphorus application when P fertilization was halved in 2007. Differences among seasons and discrepancies in the results compared to previous studies may have arisen from the differences in the field management and the nursery soil used. No benefits of green manure in terms of the subsequent cabbage yield were detected. Consequently, there was no positive effect of the combination of pre-transplanting phosphorus application and incorporation of green manure. Studies with mycorrhizal plants as test plants may be necessary to verify the mechanism of enhanced P supply by the incorporation of green manure, and to examine any potential benefit of combining green manure and pre-transplanting phosphorus application practices. 相似文献
34.
Hidehiro Inagaki Toshiyuki Imaizumi Guang-Xi Wang Tohru Tominaga Kimihiko Kato Hiroyuki Iyozumi Hideki Nukui 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,95(3):117-120
All living organisms spontaneously generate ultraweak photon emissions, which originate from biochemical reactions in cells. Current research uses the ultraweak photon emission from organisms as a novel indicator in nondestructive analyses of an organisms living state. This study indicates that ultraweak photon emissions from Monochoria vaginalis are different between resistant biotypes (R) to sulfonylurea (SU) and susceptible biotypes (S). In SU-R biotypes, distinct increases in photon emissions were observed, but there was little increase in SU-S biotypes. In addition, photon emissions from the resistant biotypes of M. vaginalis were suppressed by treatment with P450 inhibitors. This suggests that cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, which plays a crucial role in the metabolic detoxification of SUs, could be associated with the generation of ultraweak photon emissions. Ultraweak photon emissions have a potential use in a novel diagnosis system as an indicator in a nondestructive testing of weeds resistant to SUs. 相似文献
35.
Jian-Zhang Li Takeshi Furuno Sadanobu Katoh Tohru Uehara 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(3):215-221
Acetylated, propionylated, butyrylated, isobutyrylated, and hexanoylated woods were prepared at several temperatures. The reaction rate, dimensional stability, and changes in the ratios of specific gravity and dimensions in the tangential and radial directions were estimated. The reaction rate of propionylation was slow at temperatures under 90°C but increased with the temperature. The butyrylated, isobutyrylated, and hexanoylated woods showed little or no weight percent gain (WPG) and little or no antiswelling efficiency (ASE) below 110°C even for 24h, but they achieved significant WPG and ASE values at 140°C with a longer reaction time. The acetylated, propionylated, and butyrylated woods showed almost the same values for dimensional stabilization efficiency based on WPG (DSE). The specific gravity and dimensions ratios for acetylated, propionylated, and butyrylated woods compared to those of untreated wood increased with an increase in WPG. 相似文献
36.
Yoshinobu INOUE Akira MATSUI Yo ASAI Fumiki AOKI Kenji YOSHIMOTO Tohru MATSUI Hideo YANO 《Journal of Equine Science》2008,19(4):83-89
We studied the response of biochemical markers of bone metabolism to exercise intensity
in horses. Four horses were walked on a mechanical walker for one week (pre-exercise).
Then they performed low-speed exercise on a high-speed treadmill in the first week and
medium-speed exercise in the second week and high-speed exercise in the third week of
training. We measured two indices of bone resorption, serum hydroxyproline concentration
and the urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio, and serum osteocalcin (OC)
concentration as an index of bone formation. Both indices of bone resorption gradually
decreased during the experiment. Serum OC concentration did not change in the first week
but was significantly lower in the second and the third weeks compared to in the
pre-exercise period and in the first week. These results suggest that the low-speed
exercise decreased bone resorption but did not affect bone formation, which possibly
results in increasing bone mineral content and strengthening of bones. The high-speed
exercise decreased bone formation and bone resorption, i.e., bone turnover was suppressed.
The low-speed exercise may be preferable for increasing bone mineral content. 相似文献
37.
Hayama Yoko Yanase Tohru Suzuki Moemi Unten Kazuhiko Tomochi Hisayuki Kakehi Mayu Shono Yukina Yamamoto Takehisa Kobayashi Sota Murai Kiyokazu Tsutsui Toshiyuki 《Tropical animal health and production》2018,50(1):209-215
Tropical Animal Health and Production - Akabane virus, the pathogen-causing Akabane disease, is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted by the Culicoides biting midge. A nationwide... 相似文献
38.
The purpose of this study was to predict the likely amounts of carbon sequestration on a national scale for Japan in the Article-3.4
private planted forests of the Kyoto Protocol during the first commitment period. We regarded the planted forests that had
undergone silvicultural practices such as weeding, pruning, and thinning since 1990 as Article-3.4 planted forests in accordance
with the definition given by the Forestry Agency of Japan. Regression models were developed to predict the forest areas that
had undergone silvicultural practices, employing silvicultural subsidies and forest workers' wages as predictor variables.
Then the time series changes in the predictor variables were provided by extending their recent trends, with the result being
that the forest areas that have undergone silvicultural practices were predicted on the basis of the three scenarios of the
variables. Thus, the Article-3.4 forest area was calculated considering overlaps of silvicultural practices over fixed stands,
and the area was converted into the amount of carbon sequestration by multiplying it by coefficients such as a volume table,
biomass expansion factor, and others. The result implied that Article-3.4 private planted forests were expected to sequester
8.16–8.87 Mt-C year−1 during the first commitment period. These amounts cover 63%–68% of the carbon sequestration goal by land-use change and forestry
activities capped under the Marrakesh Accords. To realize this prediction, it is important to provide a sufficient silvicultural
subsidy to last until the end of the first commitment period and to implement silvicultural practices on the forest stands
that have not undergone such practices since 1990. 相似文献
39.
Flonicamid (IKI220; N-cyanomethyl-4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide), a pyridinecarboxamide compound, is a novel systemic insecticide with selective activity against hemipterous pests, such as aphids and whiteflies, and thysanopterous pests. The purpose of this study is to clarify the biological properties of flonicamid against aphids. Flonicamid is very active against aphids, regardless of differences in species, stages and morphs. This compound inhibited the feeding behaviour of aphids within 0.5 h of treatment without noticeable poisoning symptoms such as convulsion, and this antifeeding activity was not recoverable until death. The nymphs born from adults exposed to flonicamid for 3 h showed high mortality. The effect of flonicamid on the feeding activity of an individual aphid was studied using electronic monitoring of insect feeding behaviour (EMIF). Although the treated aphid attached the head of its proboscis to the leaf surface, salivation and sap feeding were strongly inhibited. These results suggest that the main insecticidal mechanism of flonicamid is starvation based on the inhibition of stylet penetration to plant tissues. 相似文献
40.
Peptides derived from soybean beta-conglycinin and pork protein stimulate cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion from the enteroendocrine cells (EECs) and suppress food intake. Here we examined CCK-releasing activities from the enteroendocrine cell line STC-1, in peptides derived from underutilized legumes, and found much higher activity in the peptic hydrolysate of Country beans (CBP) compared to that from other legume-derived peptides including beta-conglycinin peptone. Active components in CBP were separated into acetonitrile-soluble fractions, but the activities were abolished after pronase treatment. To identify the Country bean protein containing the active peptides, Country bean protein extracts in an alkaline solution (CBE) were fractionated based on isoelectric point or molecular weight. Peptones prepared from CBE fractions containing a 51 kDa major protein stimulated CCK release, but other fractions did not. N-Terminal sequence analysis indicated that the 51 kDa protein is a phaseolin-like globular protein, and we designated this protein dolicholin. These results indicate that Country bean-derived peptides are very potent legume peptides in stimulating CCK secretion from EECs and that the stimulant peptides originate from dolicholin, a newly identified phaseolin-like globular protein in Country beans. 相似文献